SELECT 
  vi_product_sales.product_id, 
  amount AS sales_amount 
FROM 
  vi_product_sales 
  LEFT JOIN vi_products_categories ON vi_products_categories.product_id = vi_product_sales.product_id 
  AND vi_products_categories.category_id = vi_product_sales.category_id 
WHERE 
  vi_product_sales.product_id IN (
    12, 148, 5, 23, 1, 149, 79, 238, 239, 172, 
    167, 280, 282, 278, 8, 150, 13
  ) 
  AND vi_products_categories.link_type = 'M'

Query time 0.00016

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "vi_product_sales",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "pa"],
          "rows": 8,
          "filtered": 100,
          "attached_condition": "vi_product_sales.product_id in (12,148,5,23,1,149,79,238,239,172,167,280,282,278,8,150,13)"
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "vi_products_categories",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "link_type", "pt"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "6",
          "used_key_parts": ["category_id", "product_id"],
          "ref": [
            "devvipiriscom.vi_product_sales.category_id",
            "devvipiriscom.vi_product_sales.product_id"
          ],
          "rows": 1,
          "filtered": 93.84057617,
          "attached_condition": "vi_products_categories.link_type = 'M'"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}