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SELECT 
  vi_product_point_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    vi_product_point_prices.point_price
  ) AS point_price 
FROM 
  vi_product_point_prices 
WHERE 
  vi_product_point_prices.product_id IN (
    12, 148, 5, 23, 1, 149, 79, 238, 239, 172, 
    167, 280, 282, 278, 8, 150, 13
  ) 
  AND vi_product_point_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND vi_product_point_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 0, 1)

Query time 0.00007

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "message": "Impossible WHERE noticed after reading const tables"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id	point_price