SELECT 
  vi_products.* 
FROM 
  vi_products 
WHERE 
  vi_products.product_id IN (
    12, 148, 5, 23, 1, 149, 79, 238, 239, 172, 
    167, 280, 282, 278, 8, 150, 13
  )

Query time 0.00027

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "vi_products",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["product_id"],
          "rows": 17,
          "filtered": 100,
          "index_condition": "vi_products.product_id in (12,148,5,23,1,149,79,238,239,172,167,280,282,278,8,150,13)"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}